In the Years Following World War Ii European and American Composers of Art Music Generally

Early Settlers and Invaders

The island of United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland has been inhabited for thousands of years. Celtic groups, including the Britons, arrived in what is at present England by about the 500s bce.

Romans

The Romans invaded England in nigh 55 bce. They controlled virtually of information technology by 100 ce. England and Wales together formed the Roman province of Britannia. They remained part of the Roman Empire until the 400s.

Angles, Saxons, and Jutes

Iii groups from northern Europe invaded England beginning in the 400s. These invaders were the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. They took over almost of England and gradually formed several kingdoms. Their linguistic communication, Anglo-Saxon, later developed into mod English language. The region became known as Bending-state, which subsequently came to be England.

Danes

Danish Vikings conquered large parts of England in the 800s. The Anglo-Saxon ruler Alfred the Great defeated the Danes in 877. The rulers who followed him established one united English kingdom in the 900s. The Danes invaded again, and England was ruled by Danish kings for part of the 1000s.

The Norman Conquest

A different group of Vikings chosen the Normans had taken control of northern French republic. In 1066 the Norman duke William conquered England from France.

The Normans ruled England until 1154. They were stiff kings, and they prevented any further invasions of England. The Normans likewise introduced a system called bullwork, in which the king gave country to the nobles in exchange for loyalty and service.

The Plantagenet Kings

In 1154 a new line of English kings came to power. They became known as the Plantagenets. The Plantagenets ruled England for more than 300 years.

Henry 2 was the outset of this new line of kings. He made important changes to the court system that promoted more equal treatment of law cases. He too sent armies to conquer Republic of ireland.

The Magna Carta

The early Plantagenet kings struggled for power with the Roman Cosmic church and the nobles. King John was a brutal and unpopular ruler. The nobles joined together to try to limit the king's power. They declared that the king must rule according to police. In 1215 they forced Male monarch John to agree to this in a new document called the Magna Carta (or "Bang-up Charter"), which guaranteed many rights for the English people.

Birth of Parliament

Afterwards in the 1200s, the Parliament developed from a grouping of nobles that gave the king advice and agreed to new taxes. Afterwards Parliaments included representatives from the church building and common people as well as the nobles. Many struggles occurred as Parliament tried to expand its powers and limit the powers of the king.

Attempts to Expand

In the late 1200s, King Edward I conquered Wales. He also tried to take control of Scotland but did non succeed. In addition, the English kings claimed they had a right to inherit the rule of France. In the 1300s, England began a long struggle with France called the Hundred Years' State of war. French republic somewhen defeated England in the 1400s.

The Tudors

The Tudor line of rulers took power in 1485. England enjoyed more than than a century of peace and wealth under the Tudors.

A New Church

Henry 8 became male monarch in 1509. He was a strong ruler who did not desire to exist controlled by the nobles or the church building. He broke England away from the Roman Catholic Church and the leadership of the pope. He created a new national church called the Church of England (or Anglican Church). Henry VIII himself became the head of this new church.

Gilded Age

England reached slap-up heights under the concluding Tudor monarch, Queen Elizabeth I. The period of her rule, 1558–1603, is ofttimes called England's Golden Age. During this time, English language literature thrived. In improver, England became a cracking bounding main power. In 1588 England defeated the powerful Castilian navy, called the Armada, to preclude an invasion of England.

Nativity of the British Empire

English language merchants began to seek distant markets for their goods. In 1600 the British E Republic of india Company established trading posts in India. In 1607 England settled its offset colony in what would subsequently get the United States.

Over the side by side 300 years, England established a huge worldwide empire of colonies. England grew wealthy from trading in tobacco from the Americas, slaves from Africa, and spices from India.

Ceremonious Wars

After Elizabeth I died in 1603, the Stuart line of rulers took power. The first Stuart male monarch was James I, who was also male monarch of Scotland.

James I believed the king should have total power to dominion however he wanted. Parliament opposed first him and then his son, who became Male monarch Charles I. Determined to dominion alone, Charles I dismissed Parliament. This conflict led to a ceremonious war in 1642. Groups who supported the king fought groups who supported Parliament. The Parliament, led by Oliver Cromwell, won. Charles I was tried and killed in 1649. England was declared a commonwealth and had no rex.

Restoration

After Cromwell died in 1658, the republic before long weakened. By 1660 England was prepare to welcome a new male monarch. A new Parliament crowned Charles I's son Charles II as male monarch. This period was called the Restoration, because the Stuart line of kings were restored to the throne. However, the ability of the English rulers was from and so on more limited.

The Revolution of 1688

James 2 became rex in 1685. Parliament opposed James II because he was Roman Cosmic. In 1688 Protestant leaders invited James Ii's girl Mary and her husband, William of Orange, to become joint rulers of England. They were both Protestants. James 2 fled England, and William and Mary took power.

The 1700s

The final of the Stuart rulers was Queen Anne. It was nether her rule that Scotland merged with England and Wales to form a unmarried kingdom, Peachy United kingdom, in 1707.

German Kings

George I, a prince of a minor land in Federal republic of germany, became the king of U.k. in 1714. George took petty involvement in United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland. He left much of the task of governing the country to Robert Walpole, a leader in Parliament. Walpole is generally idea of as the first British prime minister.

The American Revolution

During George Three'southward rule, Britain established new taxes on its American Colonies. In 1775 the colonies rebelled during the American Revolution. The colonies won the war. They became independent in 1783 equally the U.s.a. of America. As a issue, Britain lost a valuable part of its overseas empire.

Wars with French republic

Many people in Great britain were troubled past events in neighboring French republic during the late 1700s. During the French Revolution, French forces overthrew the French authorities, killed the male monarch, and declared a new republic. Led by Napoleon Bonaparte, French republic soon tried to aggrandize its territory. In 1793 Great britain joined with other European countries to fight confronting the new French republic. In 1815 the British defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo, in Kingdom of belgium. This show of British strength led to a greater expansion of the British Empire.

Union and Empire

In 1801 Ireland was joined to England, Scotland, and Wales to course one country chosen the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland. (Virtually of Ireland afterwards broke away from the spousal relationship, but Northern Republic of ireland remained office of the kingdom.) The kingdom enjoyed a period of great force and wealth. Beginning in the late 1700s, England was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution, which brought new inventions and better ways of producing goods.

This period of wealth and ability connected through the long dominion of Queen Victoria, from 1837 to 1901. During her reign, the British Empire expanded to its greatest extent. The Britain so ruled more a quarter of the world'southward people.

World Wars

World War I broke out in 1914. The United Kingdom joined the state of war and helped defeat Federal republic of germany, Austria-Republic of hungary, and Turkey. Peace treaties with the defeated countries added more lands in Asia, Africa, and the Pacific to the British Empire.

In 1939 the Uk entered World War Ii and helped fight confronting the Axis powers of Germany, Italy, and Japan. Prime Minister Winston Churchill led the state in the war. London and other English language cities suffered heavy bombing, but the Axis powers lost. The war ended in 1945.

From Empire to Commonwealth

After World War II, the U.k. lost its position as one of the world's greatest powers. In the years following the state of war, the British Empire gave upwards most of its lands in Africa, Asia, South America, and the Caribbean area. The concluding major British colony, Hong Kong, was returned to Mainland china in 1997.

Although the British colonies became independent countries, many did not cutting their ties entirely with the United Kingdom. The Great britain and several of its quondam territories accept called to cooperate through a free clan called the Republic. In 1973 the land joined the European Economic Community. That arrangement somewhen became the European Marriage. It was formed to promote cooperation and close ties among European countries.

Political Evolution

Queen Elizabeth II came to the throne in 1952. The Parliament had gained much power in the 1800s, and the prime number government minister's role had grown stronger. In 1979 the Conservative Political party leader Margaret Thatcher became the United Kingdom'southward offset woman prime number government minister. The Labour Political party leader Tony Blair became prime minister in 1997. Gordon Dark-brown succeeded Blair as head of the Labour Party and as prime minister in 2007. In 2010, even so, the Labour Party lost its bulk in Parliament. A new government, a partnership between the Conservative Party and the Liberal Democrats, then came to power. The Conservative party leader, David Cameron, became prime number minister.

In June 2016 the United Kingdom voted to leave the Eu. Cameron did not want the country to pull out of the European union. After the results of the vote were made public, he announced that he would resign. He stepped down, and Theresa May became the new prime minister on July 13, 2016. May was not able to come up with a plan for the United Kingdom to get out the Eu. She resigned and was replaced past Boris Johnson in Baronial 2019.

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Source: https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/England/353101

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